Christian Deconstruction: Time to Nuke This Bitch (Part 4)
The Hellenistic Heist: How Christianity Became Mystery Religion Remix
Strip away the sanctimonious bullshit about Christian originality and face the archaeological, literary, and historical evidence that biblical scholars have spent two millennia desperately trying to suppress: Christianity isn't a unique divine revelation but a fucking mystery religion assembled from the greatest hits of Greco-Roman religious syncretism.
Every supposedly distinctive Christian doctrine—virgin birth, dying-and-rising savior, divine sonship, salvation through sacred meals, initiation rituals, cosmic dualism—was already circulating throughout the Mediterranean world for centuries before some Palestinian Jewish sect decided to rebrand these pagan theological concepts as authentic divine revelation.
This isn't anti-Christian bigotry or atheist propaganda—it's basic comparative religion supported by archaeological evidence, literary parallels, and historical documentation that any honest scholar can verify. The mystery religions of the Greco-Roman world provided the theological blueprint that Christian authors systematically plagiarized and repackaged as original divine communication.
The evidence is carved in stone temples, preserved in papyrus fragments, depicted in archaeological remains, and documented in contemporary sources throughout the ancient Mediterranean. Christianity didn't emerge as a pristine revelation—it evolved as a syncretic religious movement that systematically appropriated pagan religious traditions and claimed divine authorship for what was actually brilliant cultural synthesis.
The Mystery Religion Template: Christianity's Pagan Blueprint
The Dying-and-Rising God Archetype
The central Christian narrative—god becomes human, suffers death, resurrects to eternal life, offers salvation to initiates—wasn't revealed to Palestinian Jews but was the standard template for Mediterranean mystery religions that had been attracting adherents for centuries:
Dionysus (Διόνυσος): Divine son born of mortal woman and sky god (Zeus), dies through dismemberment, resurrects to eternal life, offers salvation through wine ritual (blood symbolism), initiates achieve immortality through ritual participation.
Mithras (Μίθρας): Divine savior born from rock (virgin birth variant), battles cosmic evil, sacrificial death saves humanity, resurrection grants eternal life, sacred meal rituals, seven-level initiation system, December 25th birth celebration.
Attis (Ἄττις): Divine beloved of Great Mother (Cybele), dies through castration/crucifixion, resurrects on third day, salvation through identification with suffering god, spring festival celebration, baptismal regeneration.
Adonis (Ἄδωνις): Beautiful youth beloved by Aphrodite, dies from wound, resurrects seasonally, salvation through ritual participation in death/resurrection cycle, sacred marriage symbolism.
Osiris (𓊨𓁹𓀭): Egyptian god adopted by Greco-Roman mystery cults, murdered by Seth, dismembered, resurrected by Isis, judges the dead, grants eternal life through ritual identification, sacred meal (eating the god).
The Christian savior narrative follows this established pattern with mechanical precision. Jesus wasn't a unique divine revelation—he was a Jewish adaptation of the dying-and-rising god archetype that had been successful in recruiting Gentile converts throughout the Roman world.
The Virgin Birth Motif
Virgin birth narratives were standard features of Greco-Roman hero and savior mythology, not unique Christian innovations:
Perseus (Περσεύς): Born to virgin Danaë through divine intervention (Zeus as golden shower), becomes hero-savior, performs miraculous deeds.
Heracles (Ἡρακλῆς): Divine father (Zeus), mortal virgin mother (Alcmene), becomes savior through suffering, achieves immortality through death, ascends to divine status.
Alexander the Great: Claimed virgin birth through divine father (Zeus-Ammon), mortal mother (Olympias), achieved divine status through conquest and death.
Augustus Caesar: Divine conception through Apollo, virgin mother claims, becomes savior of empire, achieves divine status at death, worshipped as Divus Augustus.
Apollonius of Tyana: Pythagorean philosopher (contemporary with Jesus), claimed virgin birth, performed miracles, attracted disciples, achieved divine status—providing exact contemporary parallel to Christian savior claims.
The Matthew and Luke birth narratives systematically appropriate these Greco-Roman divine birth patterns. The annunciation scenes (Luke 1:26-38), star guidance (Matthew 2:1-12), and divine conception claims weren't revealed through Jewish prophecy but adapted from standard Mediterranean religious literature.
Mystery Religion Initiation Patterns
Christian baptism and Eucharist follow established mystery religion initiation procedures:
Eleusinian Mysteries: Purification rituals, sacred meal consumption, revelation of divine secrets, promise of blessed afterlife, strict secrecy requirements.
Dionysiac Mysteries: Wine consumption as divine blood, ritual death and rebirth, identification with suffering god, salvation through ritual participation.
Mithraic Mysteries: Seven-level initiation system, sacred meal rituals, water purification ceremonies, cosmic salvation through ritual identification with savior god.
Isis-Osiris Mysteries: Ritual death and resurrection, sacred meal consumption, divine marriage symbolism, eternal life through identification with goddess.
Christian ritual structure—βάπτισμα (baptisma) followed by εὐχαριστία (eucharistia)—mirrors these mystery religion patterns rather than representing original Jewish innovations. The theological language of death to sin, resurrection to new life, and participation in divine nature was already established mystery religion terminology.
The Savior-God Archetype: Christianity's Borrowed Deity
Divine Sonship Claims
Jesus as Son of God (υἱὸς θεοῦ) wasn't a unique Jewish messianic concept but standard Greco-Roman divine sonship terminology applied to rulers, heroes, and savior figures:
Roman Emperors: Divus Julius (deified Julius Caesar), Divi filius (Augustus as "son of the divine"), Dominus et Deus (Domitian as "lord and god").
Hellenistic Rulers: Θεὸς Ἐπιφανής (Theos Epiphanes - "God Manifest") applied to Seleucid and Ptolemaic kings who claimed divine status and savior roles.
Miracle Workers: Apollonius of Tyana, Empedocles, Pythagoras—all claimed divine sonship, performed miracles, attracted disciples, achieved posthumous divine status.
Hero Cults: Heracles, Asclepius, Castor and Pollux—mortal heroes who achieved divine status through death and resurrection, offered salvation to devotees.
The Christian confession "Jesus is Lord" (Κύριος Ἰησοῦς) directly challenged Roman imperial cult language where Κύριος Καῖσαρ (Kyrios Kaiser) proclaimed Caesar's divine authority. Christian authors weren't proclaiming unique divine revelation—they were recruiting converts by adapting successful religious marketing techniques.
The Logos Doctrine: Platonic Philosophy Baptized
John's Gospel opens with the Logos (λόγος) hymn that systematically appropriates Platonic and Stoic philosophical concepts:
Platonic tradition: Λόγος as divine reason, mediating principle between transcendent deity and material world, creative force organizing cosmos.
Stoic philosophy: Λόγος σπερματικός (logos spermatikos) as divine seed pervading universe, rational principle governing natural law, source of human reason.
Philo of Alexandria (20 BCE - 50 CE): Jewish philosopher who synthesized Hebrew scripture with Greek philosophy, developed Logos theology as divine mediator, provided direct model for Christian appropriation.
John 1:1-14 doesn't represent original Christian revelation but systematic adaptation of established Platonic theology: "Ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λόγος, καὶ ὁ λόγος ἦν πρὸς τὸν θεόν, καὶ θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος" - "In the beginning was the Logos, and the Logos was with God, and the Logos was God."
This represents Platonic metaphysics dressed up as biblical theology, not unique divine communication.
The Divine Birth Narratives: Pagan Mythology Hebraized
The Annunciation Pattern
The Luke 1 annunciation narrative follows established Greek mythology patterns for divine conception announcements:
Greek pattern: Divine messenger appears to virgin, announces divine conception, explains miraculous nature of birth, virgin expresses doubt/acceptance, divine sign provided.
Danaë and Perseus: Divine messenger (Hermes) announces Zeus's intention, virgin Danaë receives divine seed, gives birth to hero-savior.
Alcmene and Heracles: Divine visitation from Zeus, virgin conception, birth of divine hero, persecution by jealous deity (Hera).
Luke's adaptation: Angel Gabriel appears to Mary, announces divine conception through Holy Spirit, virgin expresses doubt, receives sign (Elizabeth's pregnancy), gives birth to savior.
The theological vocabulary—κεχαριτωμένη (kecharitomene - "favored one"), δύναμις ὑψίστου (dynamis hypsistou - "power of the Most High"), πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion - "Holy Spirit")—adapts Greek religious terminology for divine-human interaction rather than representing Hebrew prophetic language.
The Magi Narrative
Matthew 2 systematically appropriates Hellenistic royal birth traditions:
Alexander Romance: Wise men from the East recognize divine birth through astronomical signs, bring royal gifts, future king threatened by current ruler.
Augustus Birth Legends: Eastern astrologers recognize divine conception, bring tribute, divine child destined to rule world, opposition from established authority.
Persian Magi Traditions: Zoroastrian priests skilled in astrology and dream interpretation, bring gifts to honor divine births, recognize cosmic significance of savior figures.
The Matthew narrative follows these established patterns: μάγοι ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν (magoi apo anatolon - "magi from the east"), ἀστήρ (aster - "star"), χρυσόν καὶ λίβανον καὶ σμύρναν (chryson kai libanon kai smyrnan - "gold and frankincense and myrrh").
This represents Hellenistic royal propaganda adapted for Christian purposes, not historical reporting or Hebrew prophetic fulfillment.
The Flight to Egypt
The escape to Egypt motif appropriates established Greek hero mythology:
Perseus: Divine child threatened by king (Acrisius), placed in ark, floats to safety, raised in foreign land, returns as adult hero.
Oedipus: Royal child threatened by prophecy, abandoned to die, rescued and raised elsewhere, returns to fulfill destiny.
Cyrus the Great: Persian king whose birth legend includes royal threat, abandonment, rescue by shepherds, eventual return to claim throne.
Matthew's adaptation: Divine child threatened by Herod, family flees to Egypt, return after threat passes, fulfills destiny as adult savior.
The theological justification—"ἐξ Αἰγύπτου ἐκάλεσα τὸν υἱόν μου" (ex Aigyptou ekalesa ton huion mou - "out of Egypt I called my son") from Hosea 11:1—represents Christian midrash that retrofits Hebrew scripture to validate pagan narrative patterns.
The Passion Narrative: Mystery Religion Death Ritual
The Suffering God Tradition
The Christian Passion follows established mystery religion patterns for savior-god death and resurrection:
Dionysus Zagreus: Torn apart by Titans, body consumed (except heart), resurrects through Zeus's intervention, becomes savior deity offering immortality through ritual consumption.
Attis: Castrates himself under pine tree (crucifixion parallel), dies from wounds, resurrects on third day through Cybele's power, salvation through identification with suffering god.
Adonis: Gored by boar (piercing wounds), bleeds to death, resurrects through Aphrodite's intervention, annual death/resurrection cycle celebrated by devotees.
Osiris: Murdered by Seth, body dismembered, resurrects through Isis's magic, becomes judge of dead and grantor of eternal life.
The Christian narrative structure—suffering, death, three-day resurrection, salvation through identification—systematically appropriates these established religious patterns.
The Sacred Meal Tradition
Christian Eucharist follows mystery religion theophagic (god-eating) ritual patterns:
Dionysiac Mysteries: Wine as divine blood, bread as divine flesh, ritual consumption grants communion with god, immortality through participation.
Mithraic Mysteries: Sacred meal where initiates consume bread and wine representing cosmic salvation, divine essence transferred through consumption.
Eleusinian Mysteries: Sacred food consumption during initiation, divine revelation through ritual eating, blessed afterlife through participation.
Osirian Mysteries: Consuming sacred foods identified with dismembered god, resurrection power transferred through ritual consumption.
1 Corinthians 11:23-26: "τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ σῶμα... τοῦτο τὸ ποτήριον ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη ἐστὶν ἐν τῷ αἵματί μου" - "This is my body... this cup is the new covenant in my blood."
Paul's Eucharistic theology adapts established mystery religion communion formulas rather than recording unique Christian innovation.
The Resurrection Claims: Pagan Prototypes Judaized
The Third-Day Pattern
Three-day resurrection was standard mystery religion chronology, not unique Christian claim:
Attis: Dies and resurrects on third day during spring Hilaria festival (March 25th), celebrated throughout Roman Empire.
Adonis: Three-day death period before resurrection, celebrated in Adonia festivals throughout Greek world.
Inanna/Ishtar: Mesopotamian goddess spends three days in underworld before resurrection, influences later Mediterranean dying-and-rising god narratives.
Christian chronology—crucifixion Friday, burial Saturday, resurrection Sunday—follows this established pattern rather than representing historical necessity or Hebrew prophetic fulfillment.
The Empty Tomb Motif
Empty tomb narratives appear throughout Greco-Roman religious literature:
Romulus: Roman founder-king disappears from tomb, appears to disciples, ascends to divine status, worshipped as Quirinus.
Empedocles: Greek philosopher's body disappears, sandal found at crater edge, followers claim divine translation, posthumous divine status.
Apollonius of Tyana: Pythagorean sage's tomb found empty, appears to disciples, ascends to immortality, worshipped as divine figure.
Christian empty tomb narratives (Matthew 28, Mark 16, Luke 24, John 20) follow these established divine translation patterns rather than recording unique historical events.
Post-Resurrection Appearances
Savior-god appearance narratives were standard features of mystery religion literature:
Dionysus: Appears to followers after resurrection, demonstrates divine power, establishes cult practices, ascends to Olympus.
Asclepius: Healing god appears to devotees after death, continues miraculous work, grants salvation through divine presence.
Isis: Appears to Lucius in Apuleius's Metamorphoses, provides salvation through divine revelation, establishes devotional practices.
Christian appearance narratives systematically appropriate these divine epiphany patterns: doubt of disciples, demonstration of bodily reality, commission for mission, ascension to divine realm.
The Apostolic Mission: Mystery Religion Expansion Model
The Traveling Preacher Tradition
Paul's missionary method follows established Hellenistic religious expansion patterns:
Cynic philosophers: Wandering preachers challenging conventional wisdom, attracting followers through paradoxical teachings, establishing philosophical communities.
Mystery religion initiators: Traveling priests establishing cult centers, initiating converts through ritual procedures, maintaining communication networks.
Neo-Pythagorean sages: Itinerant teachers claiming divine inspiration, performing miracles, attracting disciples, establishing religious communities.
Paul's self-description—ἀπόστολος (apostolos - "sent one"), κήρυξ (keryx - "herald"), διάκονος (diakonos - "servant")—uses established religious professional terminology rather than representing unique Christian innovation.
The Epistemological Claims
Paul's revelation claims (Galatians 1:11-12) follow Hellenistic religious authority patterns:
Mystery religion initiators: Claimed direct divine revelation, rejected human teaching, emphasized supernatural knowledge source.
Neo-Platonic philosophers: Direct divine illumination, rejection of ordinary learning, emphasis on mystical knowledge.
Gnostic teachers: Secret revelation from savior figure, superior knowledge to conventional religion, initiation into divine mysteries.
Paul's formula: "οὐ γὰρ ἐγὼ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου παρέλαβον αὐτὸ οὐδὲ ἐδιδάχθην, ἀλλὰ δι' ἀποκαλύψεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ" - "For I did not receive it from a human source, nor was I taught it, but I received it through a revelation of Jesus Christ."
This represents standard religious authority claims rather than unique Christian authenticity markers.
The Imperial Cult Challenge: Christianity as Political Competition
Caesar as Savior-God
Roman Imperial Cult provided the immediate religious context that Christianity directly challenged:
Julius Caesar: Divus Julius after assassination, temple worship, annual festivals, salvation through identification with divine ruler.
Augustus: Divi filius ("son of the divine"), Sebastos (Greek equivalent of Augustus), Soter ("savior"), worldwide worship, peace through divine rule.
Domitian: Dominus et Deus ("lord and god"), required worship throughout empire, persecution of those refusing divine honors.
Christian confession formulas directly challenged imperial religious language:
Imperial: Κύριος Καῖσαρ (Kyrios Kaisar - "Caesar is Lord") Christian: Κύριος Ἰησοῦς (Kyrios Iesous - "Jesus is Lord")
Imperial: Καῖσαρ Σωτήρ (Kaisar Soter - "Caesar Savior")
Christian: Ἰησοῦς Σωτήρ (Iesous Soter - "Jesus Savior")
Christianity wasn't proclaiming unique divine revelation—it was recruiting converts by competing with imperial cult using identical religious marketing strategies.
The Martyrdom Tradition
Christian martyrdom narratives follow established Greco-Roman heroic death patterns:
Socrates: Unjust execution by political authorities, noble death for philosophical principles, posthumous vindication, inspiring followers.
Antigone: Death for higher law against human authority, noble suffering, divine vindication, inspiring resistance to tyranny.
Stoic martyrs: Deaths under imperial persecution, philosophical constancy, posthumous honor, inspiring followers to virtuous resistance.
Christian martyr accounts systematically appropriate these noble death traditions: Acts of the Martyrs, Martyrdom of Polycarp, Passion of Perpetua—all follow established literary patterns for heroic death narratives.
The Theological Development: Platonic Philosophy Christianized
The Trinity Doctrine
Christian Trinitarian theology systematically appropriates Platonic metaphysics:
Platonic hypostases: τὸ ἓν (The One), νοῦς (Mind/Logos), ψυχή (Soul) - three levels of divine reality in emanative relationship.
Middle Platonic development: ὑπόστασις (hypostasis) as term for distinct divine persons, οὐσία (ousia) as shared divine essence, πρόσωπον (prosopon) as divine person.
Christian adaptation: Πατήρ (Father), Λόγος (Logos/Son), Πνεῦμα (Spirit) - three persons sharing single divine essence, using identical philosophical terminology.
Nicene formulation (325 CE): ὁμοούσιος (homoousios - "same substance") represents Platonic metaphysical language rather than biblical theological development.
The Incarnation Doctrine
Christian Incarnation theology follows Platonic participation theory:
Platonic framework: Divine εἶδος (Form) participates in material reality while maintaining transcendent essence, μέθεξις (participation) explains divine-material relationship.
Stoic development: Λόγος pervades material cosmos while remaining distinct, divine reason manifests in finite beings.
Christian adaptation: Divine Λόγος becomes flesh (σὰρξ ἐγένετο - John 1:14) while remaining fully divine, ἔνωσις (union) of divine and human natures.
Chalcedonian formulation (451 CE): Two natures united ἀσυγχύτως (without confusion), ἀτρέπτως (without change), ἀδιαιρέτως (without division), ἀχωρίστως (without separation)—pure Platonic philosophical language.
The Ecclesiastical Structure: Mystery Religion Organization
The Hierarchical System
Christian church organization follows established mystery religion institutional patterns:
Mithraic hierarchy: Seven grades of initiation (Corax, Nymphus, Miles, Leo, Perses, Heliodromus, Pater), progressive revelation of divine secrets, priestly authority structure.
Eleusinian organization: Hierophant (chief priest), Dadouchos (torch-bearer), Keryx (herald), Hierophantes (sacred revealer)—specialized ritual roles with authority levels.
Isis cult structure: Prophetes (high priest), Pastophoros (shrine-bearer), Stolist (vestment-keeper), Sacred Scribe—hierarchical organization with ritual specialization.
Christian development: Ἐπίσκοπος (Episkopos - Bishop), Πρεσβύτερος (Presbyteros - Elder), Διάκονος (Diakonos - Deacon)—identical hierarchical structure with specialized functions.
The Initiation System
Christian sacramental theology systematically appropriates mystery religion initiation procedures:
Baptismal theology: Death to old life, resurrection to new existence, washing away of sin, participation in divine nature—direct parallels to mystery religion lustration and regeneration rituals.
Confirmation practices: χρῖσμα (chrisma - anointing), σφραγίς (sphragis - seal), reception of divine spirit—identical to mystery religion consecration procedures.
Eucharistic development: Progressive revelation to initiates, exclusion of non-members, sacred meal as divine communion, transformation of participants—standard mystery religion theophagic patterns.
Conclusion: Christianity as Successful Religious Syncretism
What emerges from systematic comparison isn't a unique divine revelation received by Palestinian Jewish communities but brilliant religious syncretism that successfully combined Jewish monotheistic framework with Greco-Roman mystery religion elements to create a hybrid tradition that could compete effectively in the Roman religious marketplace.
Christianity represents the most successful mystery religion in Western history—not because it was divinely inspired but because it synthesized the most attractive elements from competing religious traditions:
Jewish ethical monotheism provided moral framework and scriptural authority
Greek philosophical theology supplied intellectual sophistication and cosmic framework
Mystery religion soteriology offered personal salvation and ritual transformation
Imperial cult language enabled political competition with Roman religious authority
Hellenistic organizational structure allowed effective institutional expansion
Christian authors demonstrated remarkable synthetic genius in creating a religious movement that could attract Jews through scriptural interpretation, Greeks through philosophical sophistication, mystery religion devotees through salvation rituals, and Romans through imperial challenge rhetoric.
But synthesis isn't inspiration, cultural appropriation isn't divine revelation, and successful religious marketing isn't cosmic communication. Every supposedly distinctive Christian doctrine has pagan precedents that are older, more developed, and often more philosophically sophisticated than their Christian adaptations.
Jesus wasn't a unique divine incarnation—he was a Jewish adaptation of the dying-and-rising savior-god archetype that had been successful throughout the Mediterranean world. Christian theology wasn't revealed through apostolic inspiration—it was assembled from Platonic metaphysics, mystery religion soteriology, and imperial cult competitive strategies.
The New Testament doesn't preserve authentic historical memory or divine communication—it represents religious literature created by brilliant synthesists who combined diverse ancient traditions into a coherent theological vision that would dominate Western civilization.
This doesn't diminish Christian literary and theological achievement—it fucking obliterates claims about divine authorship and historical authenticity that have been used to justify intellectual dishonesty and religious fraud for two millennia.
Christianity deserves recognition as one of humanity's most successful cultural synthesis projects—without the theological bullshit about divine inspiration that insults both pagan creativity and Christian synthetic genius. Until religious communities acknowledge that their foundational traditions represent human achievement rather than divine revelation, they'll continue perpetuating historical fraud and intellectual dishonesty.
The gods of Greece and Rome were never real, but at least their worshippers didn't claim their myths fell from heaven as exclusive divine communication. Christian authors took humanity's greatest religious achievements and committed fraud by claiming divine authorship for what was actually brilliant human synthesis.
That's not blasphemy—it's basic comparative religion that every educated person should have the intellectual courage to acknowledge. The evidence is carved in temple inscriptions, preserved in papyrus fragments, documented in contemporary sources, and scattered across archaeological sites throughout the ancient Mediterranean.
Christianity didn't emerge as pristine divine revelation—it evolved as successful religious plagiarism that systematically appropriated pagan traditions and rebranded them as authentic divine communication. That's the historical truth that two millennia of theological propaganda has tried unsuccessfully to suppress.
References
Burkert, Walter. Ancient Mystery Cults. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1987.
Cumont, Franz. The Mysteries of Mithra. Chicago: Open Court, 1903.
Ferguson, Everett. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. 3rd ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 2003.
Frazer, James George. The Golden Bough: A Study in Magic and Religion. London: Macmillan, 1890-1915.
Godwin, Joscelyn. Mystery Religions in the Ancient World. San Francisco: Harper & Row, 1981.
Grant, Frederick C. Hellenistic Religions: The Age of Syncretism. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1953.
Hengel, Martin. Judaism and Hellenism. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1974.
Meyer, Marvin W., ed. The Ancient Mysteries: A Sourcebook. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999.
Nilsson, Martin P. The Dionysiac Mysteries of the Hellenistic and Roman Age. Lund: Gleerup, 1957.
Reitzenstein, Richard. Hellenistic Mystery-Religions. Pittsburgh: Pickwick Press, 1978.
Turcan, Robert. The Cults of the Roman Empire. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.
Wedderburn, A.J.M. Baptism and Resurrection: Studies in Pauline Theology against Its Graeco-Roman Background. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1987.
Wright, N.T. The Resurrection of the Son of God. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2003.
Zuntz, Günther. Persephone: Three Essays on Religion and Thought in Magna Graecia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.
I have read a number of your sources before but have not put them together in this way… thanks for doing so for us… It reveals things in a more logical and clear manner.
Wow, what a treatise! I have to save & re-stack for others to cruise this jam-packed mini-course in the ancient history of Western religion. Thanks for laying it out. All the parallels in all religious practice come down to just a few elements. How to find inner peace and love of self and others in a chaotic, unpredictable, unstable environment. More Pop Synthesizing is needed in this culture for the so-called Evangelical Second Coming and Kingdom of Heaven on Earth--they got it wrong. It's not coming down on one Man, it's coming down on everyone to incarnate the Good Gift Life or the Bad and Ugly Troubles so Fix, and Share it All. So Jesus still be on the streets out looking to reel in the followers of The Good old Perennial Wisdom Golden Rule still dragging his cross just so you remember what State cruelty looks like.